In 1803, Britain resumed war with France, later joined by Russia and Austria. He then negotiated a general European peace which established French power on the continent. In 1800, he defeated the Austrians at Marengo. He oversaw the centralisation of government, the creation of the Bank of France, the reinstatement of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and law reform with the Code Napoleon. In 1802, he was made consul for life and two years later, emperor. In a coup d'etat in November 1799, Napoleon became first consul. Napoleon returned to Paris where the government was in crisis. He was stranded when his fleet was destroyed by the British at the Battle of the Nile.įrance now faced a new coalition - Austria and Russia had allied with Britain. In 1798, Napoleon conquered Ottoman-ruled Egypt in an attempt to strike at British trade routes with India. Educated at military school, he was rapidly promoted and in 1796, was made commander of the French army in Italy, where he forced Austria and its allies to make peace. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 August 1769 in Corsica into a gentry family. © One of the greatest military leaders in history and emperor of France, he conquered much of Europe.
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